The Sun, Moon, and Stars in Kyrgyz Culture: Myths, Rituals, and Symbols

Abstract

Astronomical views and conceptions passed down through generations provide a valuable key to understanding the culture of any ethnic group. Unlike formal scientific astronomy, folk knowledge constitutes a unique cultural phenomenon, reflecting centuries of human interaction with nature. This article examines the folk astronomical views and conceptions of the Kyrgyz people within the context of their traditional nomadic lifestyle and religious beliefs. The study is based on ethnographic field materials collected by the authors in 2023–2024 across various regions of Kyrgyzstan, with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 22-18-00529-П), supplemented by an analysis of scientific and literary sources. The aim of this work is to identify and systematize views and conceptions of the Sun, Moon, and stars, and to analyze their connection to the daily life, ritual practices, and mythological thinking of the Kyrgyz. Documenting this rapidly disappearing knowledge is of particular value. Special attention is given to the analysis of contradictory perceptions of celestial bodies, which reflect the dualistic nature of the Tengrian worldview. In particular, the article explores the combination of the practical application of astronomical knowledge for orientation in time and space with the magical and religious beliefs associated with celestial luminaries.